ENGLISH LEARNER'S STATION: Verb Tense: Past Perfect

🌟 Verb Tense: Past Perfect

1. What is the Past Perfect?

The Past Perfect Tense is used to show that one past action happened before another past action or time.
It helps us understand the sequence of events in the past.

2. How to Form the Past Perfect

Subject + had + past participle (V3)

Subject	Verb: "go"	Example Sentence
I/You/He/She/It/We/They	had gone	She had gone to bed before 10 p.m.

🔹 The past participle (V3) can be:

Regular: verb + -ed (e.g., worked, played)
Irregular: third form (e.g., gone, eaten, seen)

3. Negative Form

Subject + had not (hadn’t) + past participle

I had not seen that movie before.
They hadn’t finished the work when I called.

4. Question Form

Had + subject + past participle?

Had you ever tried sushi before that day?
Had she left before the meeting started?

5. When to Use the Past Perfect

To show the earlier of two past actions

I had finished my homework before I watched TV.
She had left when I arrived.

To talk about an experience or action before a certain time in the past

He had never seen snow before 2020.
We had visited London twice before we moved there.

To explain a cause of something in the past

I was tired because I had worked all day.
She was upset because she had failed the exam.

6. Signal Words

Look for time expressions such as:

before, after, already, just, when, by the time, until then, never, once

Example:

By the time I arrived, they had left.
She had already eaten when we called her.

7. Common Mistakes

Forgetting to use “had”

❌ I finished my homework before I watched TV. (This is OK, but it doesn't show the time order clearly.)
✅ I had finished my homework before I watched TV.

Using the past form instead of the past participle

❌ I had went to school.
✅ I had gone to school.

8. Quick Practice

Fill in the blanks using the Past Perfect:

I __________ (eat) lunch before I met him.
She __________ (not/finish) the test when the bell rang.
What __________ you __________ (do) before the accident?
They __________ (leave) before I arrived.

(Answers: 1. had eaten, 2. had not finished, 3. had, done, 4. had left)

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🌟 Thì Của Động Từ: Quá Khứ Hoàn Thành (Past Perfect)

1. Thì Quá Khứ Hoàn Thành Là Gì?

Thì Quá Khứ Hoàn Thành được dùng để diễn tả một hành động đã xảy ra và hoàn thành trước một hành động hoặc thời điểm khác trong quá khứ.
Nó giúp chúng ta hiểu thứ tự các sự kiện trong quá khứ.

2. Cấu Trúc Thì Quá Khứ Hoàn Thành

Chủ ngữ + had + quá khứ phân từ (V3)

Chủ ngữ	Động từ: "go"	Ví dụ câu
I/You/He/She/It/We/They	had gone	She had gone to bed before 10 p.m. (Cô ấy đã đi ngủ trước 10 giờ tối.)

🔹 Quá khứ phân từ (V3) có thể là:

Động từ có quy tắc: thêm -ed (e.g., worked, played)
Động từ bất quy tắc: dùng cột 3 (e.g., gone, eaten, seen)

3. Câu Phủ Định

Chủ ngữ + had not (hadn’t) + V3

I had not seen that movie before. (Tôi chưa từng xem bộ phim đó trước đây.)
They hadn’t finished the work when I called. (Họ vẫn chưa hoàn thành công việc khi tôi gọi.)

4. Câu Hỏi

Had + chủ ngữ + V3?

Had you ever tried sushi before that day?
(Bạn đã từng ăn sushi trước ngày hôm đó chưa?)
Had she left before the meeting started?
(Cô ấy đã rời đi trước khi cuộc họp bắt đầu chưa?)

5. Khi Nào Dùng Thì Quá Khứ Hoàn Thành

Để chỉ hành động xảy ra trước hành động khác trong quá khứ

I had finished my homework before I watched TV.
(Tôi đã làm xong bài tập trước khi tôi xem TV.)
She had left when I arrived.
(Cô ấy đã rời đi khi tôi đến.)

Kể lại trải nghiệm trước một thời điểm trong quá khứ

He had never seen snow before 2020.
(Anh ấy chưa từng thấy tuyết trước năm 2020.)
We had visited London twice before we moved there.
(Chúng tôi đã đến London hai lần trước khi chuyển đến đó.)

Giải thích nguyên nhân cho một kết quả trong quá khứ

I was tired because I had worked all day.
(Tôi mệt vì đã làm việc cả ngày.)
She was upset because she had failed the exam.
(Cô ấy buồn vì đã trượt kỳ thi.)

6. Dấu Hiệu Nhận Biết

Các trạng từ thường gặp:

before, after, already, just, when, by the time, until then, never, once

Ví dụ:

By the time I arrived, they had left.
(Trước khi tôi đến, họ đã rời đi.)
She had already eaten when we called her.
(Cô ấy đã ăn rồi khi chúng tôi gọi.)

7. Lỗi Thường Gặp

Quên dùng “had”

❌ I finished my homework before I watched TV.
(Câu này đúng, nhưng không rõ ràng về thứ tự thời gian.)
✅ I had finished my homework before I watched TV.
(Tôi đã hoàn thành bài trước khi xem TV.)

Dùng sai dạng V3

❌ I had went to school.
✅ I had gone to school.
(Tôi đã đến trường.)

8. Bài Tập Nhanh

Điền thì quá khứ hoàn thành vào chỗ trống:

I __________ (eat) lunch before I met him.
She __________ (not/finish) the test when the bell rang.
What __________ you __________ (do) before the accident?
They __________ (leave) before I arrived.

(Đáp án: 1. had eaten, 2. had not finished, 3. had, done, 4. had left)